فهرست مطالب

عنوان                                                                                                                            صفحه

فصل اوّل: معرفی دین اسلام**********************************   1

مقدمه                                                                                                                                                                 2

زمینه تاریخی                                                                                                                                                    3

اصطلاح‌شناسی                                                                                                                                                 4

در لغت                                                                                                                                                              4

در اصطلاح                                                                                                                                                       4

منابع اسلامی                                                                                                                                                     5

قرآن                                                                                                                                                                   5

حدیث                                                                                                                                                               6

عقل                                                                                                                                                                    7

باورها                                                                                                                                                                 7

اصول دین (اصول عقاید)                                                                                                                                7

توحید                                                                                                                                                                8

نبوت                                                                                                                                                                  9

معاد                                                                                                                                                                    9

جهان‌شناسی                                                                                                                                                    10

فروع دین (احکام عملی)                                                                                                                              11

نماز                                                                                                                                                                 12

روزه                                                                                                                                                                12

احکام حقوقی و مالی                                                                                                                                    13

احکام قضایی و کیفری                                                                                                                                 13

پذیرش اسلام و تفاوت بین ایمان و اسلام                                                                                                   13

گناهان                                                                                                                                                             14

فصل دوم: تاریخچه دین اسلام******************************        15

مقدمه                                                                                                                                                              16      

معارفه                                                                                                                                                              16

منشأ و پیدایش اسلام                                                                                                                                     16

قبایل عرب                                                                                                                                                     16

بعثت و فراخوانی به اسلام                                                                                                                             17

هجرت مسلمانان به حبشه                                                                                                                              18

هجرت محمد و مسلمانان به مدینه                                                                                                               18

تاریخ ایران پس از اسلام                                                                                                                              18

خلفای راشدین                                                                                                                                              18

نگاهی به خلافت ابوبکر                                                                                                                                18

خلافت عمر                                                                                                                                                   18

خلافت عثمان                                                                                                                                                19

خلافت امیرالمومنین علی(ع)                                                                                                                       19

حکومت امویان                                                                                                                                             19

سلسله مروانی                                                                                                                                                  19

معاویه و سلسله سفیانی                                                                                                                                   20

دعوت عبّاسی وابو مسلم                                                                                                                               20

خلافت امویان در یک نگاه                                                                                                                         20

معاویه بن ابی سفیان                                                                                                                                       21

یزید بن معاویه                                                                                                                                                21

معاویه بن یزید(معاویه دوم)                                                                                                                          21

مروان بن حکم                                                                                                                                               22

عبدالملک بن مروان                                                                                                                                      22

حکومت عباسیان                                                                                                                                           23

حکومت بنی عباس                                                                                                                                       23

حکومت فاطمیان                                                                                                                                           23

پیدایش خلافت فاطمیان در بلاد مغرب                                                                                                      23

امپراتوری عثمانی                                                                                                                                          24

تأسیس دولت عثمانی                                                                                                                                    24

اورخان بن عثمان                                                                                                                                           24

سلطان مراد اول                                                                                                                                              24

سلطان بایزید اول                                                                                                                                           25

محمد اول                                                                                                                                                       25

سلطان مراد دوم                                                                                                                                             25

سلطان محمد دوم                                                                                                                                          26

سلطان بایزید دوم                                                                                                                                           26

سلطان سلیم اول                                                                                                                                             26

مسأله انتقال خلافت از عباسیان به عثمانیان                                                                                                 27

فصل سوّم: امامان شیعه ************************************    28

مقدمه                                                                                                                                                              29

جایگاه و ویژگی‌ها                                                                                                                                        29

ویژگی‌ها                                                                                                                                                         30

امامت امامان                                                                                                                                                  31

حدیث جابر                                                                                                                                                    31

حدیث ۱۲ خلیفه                                                                                                                                            31

معرفی امامان                                                                                                                                                  32

امام علی(ع)                                                                                                                                                    33

امام حسن(ع)                                                                                                                                                  33

امام حسین(ع)                                                                                                                                                34

امام سجاد(ع)                                                                                                                                                 34

امام باقر(ع)                                                                                                                                                     35

امام صادق(ع)                                                                                                                                                35

امام کاظم(ع)                                                                                                                                                 36

امام رضا(ع)                                                                                                                                                   36

امام جواد(ع)                                                                                                                                                  37

امام هادی(ع)                                                                                                                                                 37

امام حسن عسکری(ع)                                                                                                                                  38

امام مهدی(عج)                                                                                                                                             38

جایگاه امامان شیعه نزد اهل سنت                                                                                                                38

کتاب‌شناسی                                                                                                                                                   39

کتب شیعه                                                                                                                                                       39

کتب اهل سنت                                                                                                                                              40

منابع                                                                                                                                                                42